Spotlight Poster
On the Stability of Iterative Retraining of Generative Models on their own Data
Quentin Bertrand · Joey Bose · Alexandre Duplessis · Marco Jiralerspong · Gauthier Gidel
Halle B
Deep generative models have made tremendous progress in modeling complex data, often exhibiting generation quality that surpasses a typical human's ability to discern the authenticity of samples. Undeniably a key driver of this success is enabled by the massive amounts of web-scale data consumed by these models. Due to the striking performance of these models combined with their ease of availability, the web will inevitably be increasingly populated with synthetic content. Such a fact directly implies that future iterations of generative models must contend with the reality that their training is curated from both clean data and artificially generated data from past models. In this paper, we develop a framework to rigorously study the impact on the stability of training generative models on mixed datasets of real and synthetic data. We first prove the stability of iterative training under the condition that the initial generative models approximate the data distribution well enough and the proportion of clean training data (w.r.t. synthetic data) is large enough. Building on this foundation we quantify the error incurred by iterative retraining of generative models and we also provide a radius stability in parameter space. We empirically validate our theory on both synthetic and natural images by iteratively training normalizing flows and state-of-the-art diffusion models on CIFAR10 and FFHQ.